The M1 Abrams is one of the most feared main battle tanks in the world. Since entering service in 1980, it has compiled a combat record that includes thousands of enemy tank kills with minimal losses. Its combination of firepower, protection, and mobility makes it the benchmark against which other tanks are measured.
Devastating Firepower
The M1A2 Abrams mounts the M256 120mm smoothbore cannon, capable of destroying any tank in the world. Its ammunition options include:
- M829 APFSDS: Armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot rounds with depleted uranium penetrators
- M830 HEAT: High-explosive anti-tank rounds for bunkers and fortifications
- M1028 Canister: Anti-personnel rounds containing over 1,000 tungsten balls
- M908 HE-OR: High-explosive obstacle reduction rounds for breaching
The fire control system allows first-round hits at ranges exceeding 3,000 meters. The stabilized turret enables accurate fire while moving at full speed across rough terrain.
Advanced Armor Protection
The Abrams uses Chobham composite armor, a British-developed system combining steel, ceramics, and other materials. The exact composition remains classified, but the armor has proven nearly impervious to enemy fire in combat.
During the Gulf War and Iraq War, Abrams tanks survived multiple hits from T-72 main gun rounds, RPGs, and anti-tank missiles. The few Abrams lost in combat were typically disabled by mobility kills or destroyed by other Abrams to prevent capture.
The tank also features:
- Explosive reactive armor: TUSK kit for urban combat
- Active protection systems: Trophy APS on newest variants
- Blow-out panels: Ammunition storage designed to vent explosions away from crew
- Halon fire suppression: Automatic system to extinguish fires
Unmatched Mobility
The Abrams is powered by a Honeywell AGT1500 gas turbine engine producing 1,500 horsepower. This turbine can run on jet fuel, diesel, or gasoline, giving it exceptional fuel flexibility in the field.
Despite weighing over 60 tons, the Abrams can reach speeds of 45 mph on roads and maintain high speeds cross-country. Its hydropneumatic suspension absorbs impacts while allowing the gunner to engage targets on the move.
Combat Record
The Abrams has seen extensive combat:
- Gulf War (1991): Destroyed over 2,000 Iraqi tanks with no Abrams lost to enemy fire
- Iraq War (2003-2011): Dominated Iraqi armor and urban combat
- Various exports: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Australia operate Abrams variants
The tank's performance against Iraqi T-72s demonstrated American technological superiority. Abrams crews regularly engaged and destroyed enemy tanks at ranges where the enemy couldn't effectively return fire.
Continuous Upgrades
The Abrams has evolved through multiple variants:
- M1: Original model with 105mm gun
- M1A1: Upgraded to 120mm gun, improved armor
- M1A2: Digital fire control, commander's independent thermal viewer
- M1A2 SEP: Systems Enhancement Package with improved electronics
- M1A2C (SEPv3): Latest version with Trophy APS, improved ammunition datalink
For comparisons with other top main battle tanks, see our analysis of why the Leopard 2 is so feared or learn why the tank is named Abrams.
